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KeigoJLPT N2

Keigo for JLPT N2: Level Up from Basics to Business

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Keigo for JLPT N2: Level Up from Basics to Business

If on JLPT N3 you learned to recognize keigo, on JLPT N2 you must distinguish and use keigo with more precision. This level marks the shift from basic keigo to keigo used at work and in formal communication.

This article covers the keigo tested on JLPT N2 according to 敬語けいごの指針ししん (the five official categories), with focus on areas that first appear on N2 and were not covered on N3. Make sure you already understand the JLPT N3 material before continuing.


What Is New on JLPT N2?

On N2, keigo is no longer only about memorizing special verbs. You need the logic behind keigo and how to apply it in more complex situations:

TopicOn N3New on N2
尊敬語そんけいごSpecial verbs + お〜になるPassive pattern (〜れる/られる) as light sonkeigo
謙譲語けんじょうごISpecial verbs + お〜するお〜いたす pattern, I vs II differences
謙譲語けんじょうごIIIntroduction onlyMust distinguish from KI
させていただく—New, very important pattern
Business keigo—Email, phone, meetings
二重敬語にじゅうけいご—Introduction to common mistakes

謙譲語けんじょうごI vs 謙譲語けんじょうごII: The N2 Key

This is the most critical topic on JLPT N2. On N3, you only needed to know both exist. On N2, you must tell them apart and choose correctly.

Difference Summary

Aspect謙譲語けんじょうごI謙譲語けんじょうごII (丁重語ていちょうご)
FunctionLower yourself TOWARD a specific personSpeak politely about yourself TO the listener
向むかう先さき✅ Required❌ Not required
Example先生せんせいに**伺うかがう**東京とうきょうに**参まいる**
EmphasisRespect the action TARGETSpeak politely to the LISTENER

Sample N2-Type Question

私わたしは弟おとうとのところに______。

a) 伺うかがいます   b) 参まいります   c) いらっしゃいます   d) おいでになります

Answer

b) 参まいります — 弟おとうと (younger sibling) is not someone you must honor; there is no 向むかう先さき. That makes 謙譲語けんじょうごI (伺うかがう) wrong. The correct choice is 謙譲語けんじょうごII (参まいる) because you only need politeness toward the listener. Options c) and d) are sonkeigo — wrong when the subject is “I.”

Verbs with KI and KII Pairs

Plain Form謙譲語けんじょうごI (has 向むかう先さき)謙譲語けんじょうごII (no 向むかう先さき)
行いく / 来くる伺うかがう (to a respected person’s place)参まいる (go/come, polite)
言いう申もうし上あげる (say to a respected person)申もうす (say, polite)
知しる存ぞんじ上あげる (know a respected person)存ぞんじる (know a fact, polite)
する—いたす (do, polite)
いる—おる (exist, polite)

💡 N2 tip: 謙譲語けんじょうごI verbs tend to be “longer” (申もうし**上あげる**, 存ぞんじ**上あげる**), while 謙譲語けんじょうごII is “shorter” (申もうす, 存ぞんじる). That length cue can help you tell them apart quickly!


The させていただく Pattern: The Most Important N2 Pattern

させていただく is a 謙譲語けんじょうごI pattern meaning “ask permission to do something.” It appears very often on JLPT N2 and in Japanese business life.

When Is させていただく Used Correctly?

According to 敬語けいごの指針ししん, させていただく is appropriate when two conditions are met:

  1. Permission (許可きょか) — the action happens after you receive permission from another party
  2. Benefit (恩恵おんけい) — the actor feels benefit or gratitude from the action
ExampleCorrect?Why?
会議かいぎを始はじめさせていただきます✅Permission (from participants) + benefit (starting the meeting)
お休やすみをいただきたいのですが...✅Asking permission for leave + receiving benefit
私わたしは新宿しんじゅくに住すませていただいています⚠️No clear “permission giver” — excessive
ここに座すわらせていただいてもよろしいでしょうか✅Asking permission to sit + receiving benefit

Sample N2-type question:

「社長しゃちょう、本日ほんじつの企画きかくについて______。」

a) ご説明せつめいになります   b) ご説明せつめいさせていただきます   c) ご説明せつめいいたされます   d) お説明せつめいします

Answer

b) ご説明せつめいさせていただきます — The speaker asks the 社長しゃちょう for permission to explain today’s plan. There is a 向むかう先さき (社長しゃちょう) + permission + benefit. Option a) is sonkeigo (raises the 社長しゃちょう who explains — wrong because the speaker explains). Option d) is grammatically fine but less precise because お is used with a Sino-Japanese stem that should take ご.


Keigo in Business Communication

On JLPT N2, questions often use a business setting. These patterns matter:

Business Email Patterns

SituationKeigo PatternTranslation
Introduce yourself株式会社かぶしきがいしゃ○○の田中たなかと申もうしますI am Tanaka from ○○ Co., Ltd.
Request a replyご返信へんしんいただけますと幸さいわいですI would be grateful if you would reply
Express thanksいつもお世話せわになっておりますThank you for your ongoing support
Apologize for interruptingお忙いそがしいところ恐縮きょうしゅくですがSorry to bother you when you are busy
Close an email何卒なにとぞよろしくお願ねがいいたしますRespectfully, thank you for your cooperation

Business Phone Patterns

SituationKeigo PatternTranslation
Answer the phoneお電話でんわありがとうございますThank you for calling
Ask for a name失礼しつれいですが、どちらさまでしょうかExcuse me, who is this?
Person is away只今ただいま席せきを外はずしておりますThey are away from their desk right now
Offer to take a messageよろしければ伝言でんごんを承うけたまわりますがIf you like, I can take a message

Uchi-Soto Rules in Business

On N2, you must understand 内うちと外そと (uchi-soto) inside a company:

  • 内うち (inside): coworkers in your company — when speaking to external parties, do not use honorifics for them
  • 外そと (outside): clients, customers, partners — always use sonkeigo
SituationCorrectIncorrect
Talking about your boss to a client「田中たなかは只今ただいま席せきを外はずしております」「田中たなか部長ぶちょうはいらっしゃいません」
Reasonおる (KII, lower your boss toward the client)いらっしゃる (sonkeigo for your boss toward the client — wrong!)

Sample N2-type question:

(電話でんわで) 「はい、山田やまだ商事しょうじでございます。営業部えいぎょうぶの鈴木すずきですか。鈴木すずきは只今ただいま______が...。」

a) 外出がいしゅつされています   b) 外出がいしゅつしております   c) 外出がいしゅつなさっています   d) 外出がいしゅつしておられます

Answer

b) 外出がいしゅつしております — 鈴木すずき is 内 (your company), and the caller is 外 (an external party). When talking about an in-group person to an external party, use 謙譲語けんじょうごII: しております. Options a) and c) use sonkeigo for an in-group person — wrong! Option d) is a disputed form.


Passive 尊敬語そんけいご (〜れる/られる) on N2

On N3, sonkeigo is mainly special verbs + お〜になる. On N2, you also need the passive form as light sonkeigo:

Verbお〜になる (more respectful)Passive / 〜れる (lighter)
読よむお読よみになる読よまれる
書かくお書かきになる書かかれる
来くるいらっしゃる / おいでになる来こられる
行いくいらっしゃる行いかれる

The passive form fits semi-formal contexts — not highly formal, still polite. For example, talking about a professor in a relaxed academic setting.

When to use the passive form vs お〜になる?

The choice depends on the formality you want:

  • Formal meetings, email to a client: お〜になる (more formal)
  • Office chat, stories about a superior: 〜れる/られる (lighter)
  • Verbs that already have special sonkeigo (いらっしゃる, おっしゃる): use the special form, not the passive

⚠️ Watch out: Passive sonkeigo can be ambiguous with ordinary passive sentences (受うけ身み). Context decides the meaning! For example, 「先生せんせいに読よまれた」 can mean “The teacher read it (sonkeigo)” OR “It was read by the teacher (passive).” Watch particles and context!


The お(ご)〜いたす Pattern: KI + KII Hybrid

This important N2 pattern does not appear on N3. According to 敬語けいごの指針ししん, お(ご)〜いたす works twice: it lowers you toward a 向むかう先さき (KI) AND speaks politely to the listener (KII).

PatternFunctionExample
お〜するKI onlyお送おくりします
お〜いたすKI + KIIお送おくりいたします
ご〜するKI onlyご連絡れんらくします
ご〜いたすKI + KIIご連絡れんらくいたします

お〜いたす is more polite than お〜する because it adds the KII element (いたす). It is the form most common in formal business email.

Example sentence:

明日あした、ご連絡れんらくいたします。 Ashita, go-renraku itashimasu. I will contact you tomorrow.

→ ご連絡れんらくする (KI — raises the phone recipient) + いたす (KII — polite to the listener). This is not 二重敬語にじゅうけいご because KI and KII are different categories.


Common させていただく Overuse in Daily Life

させていただく is often overused in everyday Japanese. Here are examples that, according to 敬語けいごの指針ししん, are less appropriate:

Excessive ExampleWhy ExcessiveBetter Alternative
卒業そつぎょうさせていただきましたNo “permission giver” for graduating卒業そつぎょういたしました
結婚けっこんさせていただきましたYou marry by your own will結婚けっこんいたしました
感動かんどうさせていただきましたFeelings do not need permission感動かんどういたしました

These forms are already very common in Japanese media (especially celebrity and politician speeches), but they do not meet the two required conditions. On JLPT N2, understanding correct use matters more.

💡 Memory tip: Use させていただく only when someone else gives permission. If the action is purely your own decision, use いたします alone.


Study Tips for N2 Keigo

Beyond memorizing patterns and verbs, these study strategies help for JLPT N2 keigo:

  1. Read Japanese business emails — search for sample ビジネスメール online. Notice opening, body, and closing patterns.

  2. Watch Japanese business dramas — shows such as 「半沢直樹はんざわなおき」 and 「リーガルハイ」 use authentic business keigo.

  3. Drill KI vs KII questions — this area often decides keigo scores on N2. Make flashcards with scenarios: “向むかう先さき present → KI” and “向むかう先さき absent → KII.”

  4. Practice uchi-soto — build dialogs where you are a receptionist who must lower your boss toward a guest with KII.


JLPT N2 Practice Questions (Keigo)

Here are five practice items covering critical N2 areas. Each targets one concept above. Answer first, then open the explanation — watch the subject, whether there is a 向むかう先さき, and the situation.

Question 1: 「先生せんせいのお名前なまえは前まえから______。」

a) 存ぞんじ上あげております   b) ご存ぞんじでいらっしゃいます   c) 存ぞんじております   d) お知しりになっています

Answer

a) 存ぞんじ上あげております — “I have known the teacher’s name for a long time.” 先生せんせい is the 向むかう先さき (respected person), so you need 謙譲語けんじょうごI (存ぞんじ上あげる). Option c) 存ぞんじる is KII — it does not specially raise 先生せんせい. Option b) is sonkeigo — wrong when the subject is “I.”

Question 2: 「それでは、資料しりょうを______。」

a) お配くばりになります   b) お配くばりいたします   c) 配くばってさしあげます   d) 配くばらせていただきます

Answer

b) お配くばりいたします — “In that case, I will hand out the materials.” お〜いたす is a hybrid (KI+KII) form that is very polite and natural in business. Option a) is sonkeigo (wrong — the speaker is the one distributing). Option d) is excessive — you do not need “permission” to hand out materials.

Question 3: (メールで) 「______恐縮きょうしゅくですが、ご確認かくにんをお願ねがいいたします。」

a) お忙いそがしいところ   b) お忙いそがしくしておられるところ   c) ご多忙たぼうのところ   d) a) and c) are both correct

Answer

d) a) and c) are both correct — お忙いそがしいところ and ご多忙たぼうのところ are both standard polite openers for a request in business email. Option b) is overly tangled.

Question 4: 社長しゃちょうが明日あしたの会議かいぎに______とのことです。

a) 出席しゅっせきいたされる   b) ご出席しゅっせきになる   c) 出席しゅっせきされる   d) b) and c) are both correct

Answer

d) b) and c) are both correct — 社長しゃちょう is a respected person → sonkeigo. ご出席しゅっせきになる (ご〜になる pattern) and 出席しゅっせきされる (passive pattern) are both valid sonkeigo. Option a) mixes いたす (kenjougo) with れる (sonkeigo) — unnatural.

Question 5: 「失礼しつれいですが、どちらさまでしょうか。」 「三菱みつびし商事しょうじの佐藤さとうと______。」

a) おっしゃいます   b) 申もうし上あげます   c) 申もうします   d) 言いわれます

Answer

c) 申もうします — Introducing yourself does not need a 向むかう先さき (you are not “speaking TO” someone in the kenjougo I sense). The right choice is 謙譲語けんじょうごII (申もうす) — polite speech toward the listener. Option b) 申もうし上あげる is KI — excessive for self-introduction.


New Vocabulary

These new words appear in this article. They often show up on JLPT N2, especially in 読解どっかい (reading comprehension) and 聴解ちょうかい (listening):

Kanji-KanaRomajiMeaningWord Type
させていただくSasete itadakuAsk permission to doGrammar pattern
許可きょかKyokaPermission名詞めいし
恩恵おんけいOnkeiBenefit, kindness名詞めいし
恐縮きょうしゅくKyoushukuSorry (very polite)名詞めいし
何卒なにとぞNanitosoRespectfully副詞ふくし
承うけたまわるUketamawaruReceive (very polite)動詞どうし
伝言でんごんDengonMessage (phone)名詞めいし
株式会社かぶしきがいしゃKabushiki GaishaCorporation, Co., Ltd.名詞めいし
営業部えいぎょうぶEigyoubuSales department名詞めいし
外出がいしゅつGaishutsuBe out (of the office)名詞めいし
企画きかくKikakuPlan, project名詞めいし
資料しりょうShiryouMaterials, documents名詞めいし
内うちと外そとUchi to SotoInside and outside (social principle)Cultural concept
受うけ身みUkemiPassive formGrammar term
卒業そつぎょうSotsugyouGraduation名詞めいし
結婚けっこんKekkonMarriage名詞めいし
感動かんどうKandouBe moved, impressed名詞めいし
連絡れんらくRenrakuContact名詞めいし
返信へんしんHenshinReply (email/letter)名詞めいし
確認かくにんKakuninConfirmation, verification名詞めいし

Conclusion

Keigo on JLPT N2 marks the shift from introduction to deeper understanding. Unlike N3, which mainly tests recognition, N2 asks you to grasp keigo’s internal logic and apply it in realistic business situations.

Critical areas to master:

  1. 謙譲語けんじょうごI vs II — key question: “Is there a 向むかう先さき?” If yes → KI. If no → KII. This area decides many scores.

  2. させていただく — require both conditions: permission + benefit. Do not use it for actions that need no one’s permission. Also recognize the overused media forms.

  3. 内うちと外そと — when speaking to external parties, lower in-company people with 謙譲語けんじょうごII (おる, いたす, 申もうす), not raise them with sonkeigo. It feels counterintuitive but is vital in Japanese business culture.

  4. Business communication keigo — standard email, phone, and meeting patterns. Memorize fixed phrases such as お世話せわになっております and 何卒なにとぞよろしくお願ねがいいたします. These patterns are established and rarely change.

  5. Passive sonkeigo and hybrid patterns — 〜れる/られる as light sonkeigo, and お(ご)〜いたす as KI+KII. Know when to use each and at which formality level.

If you feel solid on all of the above, you are ready for the final challenge. For the highest level — including tricky 二重敬語にじゅうけいご traps, ultra-formal expressions such as 承うけたまわる and 仰おおせ, and keigo analysis in classical text — continue to Keigo JLPT N1.

Also Read:

Frequently Asked Questions

How is JLPT N2 keigo different from N3?
N3 stresses recognizing basic sonkeigo/kenjougo forms. N2 requires distinguishing Kenjougo I vs II, the させていただく pattern, passive sonkeigo, お(ご)〜いたす, and keigo in business contexts (email, phone, uchi-soto).
What is the most common trap on N2 keigo questions?
Choosing Kenjougo I when there is no 向かう先, using sonkeigo for an in-group person when speaking to external parties, and using させていただく without clear permission or benefit.
Which patterns must you master before N2 drills?
KI/KII pairs for 行く・言う・知る, させていただく (permission + benefit), お(ご)〜いたす, passive sonkeigo 〜れる/られる, plus standard business email and phone phrases.
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