Kenjougo II / Teichougo (謙譲語II): Polite Self-Reference

“東京に行きます” (I go to Tokyo) already sounds polite, right? In Japanese business, there is a more polite way: “東京に参ります.” The difference? “参る” is Kenjougo II—a polite way to talk about yourself without needing a respected person as the action’s target.
This Keigo category is often skipped because it looks like Kenjougo I. In practice the jobs are very different.
謙譲語II とは? (What Is Kenjougo II?)
Kenjougo II (also called 丁重語 / Teichougo) is Keigo used to report your own actions politely to the listener. Unlike Kenjougo I, there is no need for a respected person as the action’s target.
💡 From the 敬語の指針: Kenjougo II (Teichougo) works like Teineigo—it shows politeness to the listener—but by humbling your own action, not merely adding です/ます.
Place in the 5-Category Keigo System
| # | Category | Role | This Article? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 尊敬語 | Elevate others | — |
| 2 | 謙譲語I | Humble yourself (toward someone) | — |
| 3 | 謙譲語II (丁重語) | Polite self-reference | ← This One |
| 4 | 丁寧語 | Polite to the listener | — |
| 5 | 美化語 | Soften words | — |
Why It Was Split from Kenjougo I
This is the core of the 3 → 5 category change. In the old system, 伺う (visit a teacher) and 参る (go to Tokyo) were both labeled “Kenjougo.” Their functions clearly differ:
| Aspect | Kenjougo I | Kenjougo II |
|---|---|---|
| Target | ✅ A respected person | ❌ Not required |
| Role | Humble yourself → elevate the target | Polite about yourself → tidy for the listener |
| Example | 先生に伺う | 東京に参る |
| Test: “OK without a respected person?” | ❌ No | ✅ Yes |
| Other name | — | 丁重語 (Teichougo) |
Special Kenjougo II Verbs (Must Memorize)
Kenjougo II has fewer special verbs than Kenjougo I:
| Plain | Kenjougo II | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 行く / 来る | 参る | Go / come |
| いる | おる | Be (I am here) |
| 言う | 申す | Say |
| する | いたす | Do |
| 食べる / 飲む | いただく | Eat / drink |
| 知っている | 存じておる | Know |
| ある | ございます | Exist (for things) |
⚠️ Caution: いただく and 申す can be Kenjougo I or II by context. Key: is there a respected target?
- 先生にいただく → Kenjougo I (receive from a teacher = has a target)
- お茶をいただく → Kenjougo II (eat/drink = polite about yourself)
Kenjougo II vs Teineigo: What Differs?
Both are “polite to the listener,” but the level differs:
| Aspect | 丁寧語 | 謙譲語II |
|---|---|---|
| How it becomes polite | Add です/ます | Change the verb |
| Formality | 🟡 Standard polite | 🟠 Higher |
| “Go” | 行きます | 参ります |
| “Be” | います | おります |
| When | Everyday talk | Business, presentations, formal mail |
Note that Kenjougo II often combines with ます (Teineigo): 参ります, おります, いたします.
Example Sentences
Example 1: Going to Tokyo (business) 明日、東京に参ります。 Ashita, Toukyou ni mairimasu. Tomorrow I will go to Tokyo.
Example 2: Self-introduction in a meeting 田中と申します。 Tanaka to moushimasu. My name is Tanaka.
Example 3: Saying you are in the office はい、田中はおります。 Hai, Tanaka wa orimasu. Yes, Tanaka is here.
Example 4: Offering help 何かいたしましょうか。 Nanika itashimashou ka. Is there anything I can do?
Example 5: Knowing information はい、存じております。 Hai, zonjite orimasu. Yes, I know that.
Diagram: When to Use Kenjougo I vs II?
Quick decision path:
- Is my action directed at a respected person?
- YES → Use Kenjougo I (伺う, いただく, 申し上げる…)
- Example: 先生に伺う (visit a teacher)
- NO → Use Kenjougo II (参る, おる, 申す, いたす…)
- Example: 東京に参る (go to Tokyo)
- YES → Use Kenjougo I (伺う, いただく, 申し上げる…)
Kenjougo II in Business
Kenjougo II appears constantly in everyday business phrases:
| Phrase | Meaning | Context |
|---|---|---|
| 田中と申します | My name is Tanaka | Self-introduction |
| 担当の田中でございます | I am Tanaka, the person in charge | Business phone |
| ただいま席を外しております | Away from the desk right now | Answering for a colleague |
| 少々お待ちいたします | Please wait a moment | Customer service |
| かしこまりました | Certainly / I understand | Accepting instructions |
| 承知いたしました | I understand (very formal) | Business email |
Most Common KII Sentence Patterns
If you only have time for a short list, learn these first:
| Pattern | Role | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜と申します | Name introduction | 山田と申します |
| 〜に参ります | Polite go/come | 午後に参ります |
| 〜におります | State presence | 受付におります |
| 〜いたします | Offer an action | すぐ確認いたします |
| 〜でございます | Formal information | 担当の田中でございます |
These five cover most phone, email, and front-desk interactions.
KII vs KI vs Teineigo: Decision Summary
When unsure:
-
My action toward a respected person?
→ Kenjougo I. -
My own action, no special respected target, but I want a professional tone?
→ Kenjougo II. -
Only everyday politeness?
→ Teineigo.
Three Distinguishing Examples
A. “I will come to your company.”
✅ 御社へ伺います。 (KI: toward a respected side)
B. “I will come to the office tomorrow morning.”
✅ 明日朝、会社へ参ります。 (KII)
C. “I arrive at 9.”
✅ 9時に行きます。 (Teineigo, enough for a neutral context)
Phone Phrases Built on KII (Templates)
Templates you can use immediately.
When receiving a call:
- お電話ありがとうございます。株式会社青空でございます。
- 営業部の田中は、ただいま席を外しております。
- 戻り次第、折り返しいたします。
When calling someone else:
- 私、株式会社青空の田中と申します。
- ただいま、少しお時間をいただけますでしょうか。
- 資料の件でご連絡いたしました。
Templates like these keep your register consistent.
Mini Correction Drill
-
❌ 先生が参りました。
✅ 先生がいらっしゃいました。
Reason: the subject is a respected person, so Sonkeigo. -
❌ 大阪に伺います。
✅ 大阪に参ります。
Reason: only going to a place, not a respected human target. -
❌ 私がいらっしゃいます。
✅ 私がおります。
Reason: never use Sonkeigo for yourself.
Short correction drills help long-term memory.
KII Checklist for Business Talk
To keep KII consistent, check quickly before you speak:
- I am reporting my own action formally (not a superior’s action).
- The sentence does not need direction toward a respected party (if it does, switch to KI).
- The verb matches a KII pair: 参る, 申す, おる, いたす.
- The closing register stays tidy with ます/です when needed.
If these four points hold, your sentence is usually safe for meetings, phone calls, and interviews.
New Vocabulary
| Kanji-Kana | Romaji | Meaning | Word Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 謙譲語II | Kenjougo II | Polite humble language (self) | Noun |
| 丁重語 | Teichougo | Polite language (other name for KII) | Noun |
| 参る | Mairu | Go / come (KII) | Verb |
| おる | Oru | Be / exist (KII) | Verb |
| 申す | Mousu | Say (KII) | Verb |
| いたす | Itasu | Do (KII) | Verb |
| ございます | Gozaimasu | Exist (for things, KII) | Verb |
| 承知 | Shouchi | Understanding / agreement | Noun |
| 担当 | Tantou | Person in charge | Noun |
| かしこまりました | Kashikomarimashita | Certainly / I understand (formal) | Expression |
Conclusion
- Kenjougo II (Teichougo) is Keigo for politely talking about yourself without a respected target.
- Main difference from Kenjougo I: no respected person is required as the action’s target.
- Core verbs: 参る (go), おる (be), 申す (say), いたす (do), ございます (exist/things).
- Kenjougo II often combines with ます: 参ります, おります, いたします.
- Essential in Japanese business—introductions, phone calls, and email all use Kenjougo II.
Foundation Navigation:
- Previous: Kenjougo I (謙譲語I)
- Next: Keigo Conversion Table
Also Read:
- Kenjougo I (謙譲語I): Humble Yourself to Honor the Other Person
- Sonkeigo (尊敬語): Honorific Language That Elevates Others
- Keigo Conversion Table (30+ Verbs)
- Complete Keigo Guide
You have finished the six foundation articles on the five official Keigo categories. Next, review all conversions in one place in the Keigo Conversion Table—a quick reference worth saving.
